The theory of relativity is a set of two interrelated physics theories proposed by Albert Einstein: special relativity and general relativity 1. Special relativity applies to all physical phenomena in the absence of gravity, while general relativity explains the law of gravitation and its relation to the forces of nature 12. The theory transformed theoretical physics and astronomy during the 20th century, superseding a 200-year-old theory of mechanics created primarily by Isaac Newton 123. It introduced concepts including 4-dimensional spacetime as a unified entity of space and time, relativity of simultaneity, kinematic and gravitational time dilation, and length contraction 1. In the field of physics, relativity improved the science of elementary particles and their fundamental interactions, along with ushering in the nuclear age. With relativity, cosmology and astrophysics predicted extraordinary astronomical phenomena such as neutron stars, black holes, and gravitational waves.
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