The animal I've chosen to research is The Common Vampire Bat (or Desmodus rotundus) and (two) other closely related bat species. They are a small carnivorous bat native to subtropical and tropical regions between Mexico to Argentina to Chile. In their native environment they roost in caves and other natural crevices such as hollow trees during the day , emerging at night to feed. Vampire bats are limited to warm environments, and can be found in humid areas like rainforests or arid environments like deserts. The common vampire bat relies on blood from both wild animals and livestock , leading them to having close proximity with humans. They must consume at least 2 tablespoons a day in order to survive. They are the only mammal known to drink blood and are one of three bat species that do so. The other two species of blood drinking bats (Hairy-legged vampire bat (Diphylla ecaudata) and White-winged vampire bat (Diaemus youngi) have similar range and nutritional needs. In order to feed , all three species make an incision with their sharp teeth and drink blood with their specialized tongue though contracting and relaxing it , aided by special hairs and an anticoagulant in their saliva called draculin. With a limit of two nights without blood before death , vampire bats are very communal animals and well fed roost-mates will regurgitate blood to feed the unfed individual during a behavior known as allogroom (also known as communal grooming). This behavior also includes grooming of the wings , face , and body of other bats. This not only strengthens communal bonds , but reduces parasites in the roost. Allogrooming can also however have a negative effect, spreading diseases between the bats, especially because groomers often lick healed or open wounds. Despite that , disease is not the biggest concern to this species; Humans are. Due to humans encroaching on their natural environment , vampire bats often feed on livestock, and out of fear of rabies, are killed by farmers. However, with a wide range and large populations, they are a species of least concern. The common vampire bat plays an important role in their environment and serve as prey for predators such as snakes , opossums , and owls.
(thumbnail is an image of a Desmodus rotundus , with tongue extended)
